The linguistic nature of lexical units denoting attributes in Uzbek and Russian

Abstract

The paper examines the linguistic nature of lexical units denoting property in Uzbek and Russian from a comparative perspective. The study aims to identify the position of property-denoting nominations within the lexical-semantic system, their derivational capacity, and their syntactic realization, and to substantiate typological differences between the two languages. The methodology integrates corpus-based descriptive analysis, componential analysis, distributional procedures, and comparative statistical calculations. The novelty of the research lies in demonstrating that Uzbek tends to expand property meaning through systematic adjectival, adverbial, and affixal paradigmatics, whereas Russian distributes property more densely across adjective, participle, and adverb domains and frequently formalizes it via prefix-suffix word-formation patterns. The results specify how gradability, evaluativity, and intensity are lexicalized differently in the two languages, thereby improving theoretical modeling of property semantics and providing practical guidance for translation and bilingual lexicography. Special attention is paid to the interaction between lexical and grammatical devices used to express quality, state, and degree. The comparison considers word-formation patterns, lexical combinability, and conditions of predicative use. The findings highlight language-specific relationships between derivational structures and syntactic functions. They also suggest that semantic gradability and contextual evaluation should be considered when selecting translation equivalents and designing bilingual dictionary entries.