Illocutionary features of modal and interjection word-sentences in typologically different languages

Abstract

This article is dedicated to a comparative-typological study of the illocutionary features of modal and interjectional sentence-words in languages of different systems (Uzbek, English, Russian, and French). The article scientifically proves that modal sentence-words do not merely express an attitude, but actively participate in forming speech acts of significant illocutionary character, such as confirming a message, granting consent to an action, and expressing gratitude. Furthermore, the emotional attitude of the speaker toward reality through interjectional sentence-words is revealed. In particular, based on the analysis of examples from fiction, it is comprehensively elucidated that interjectional sentence-words generate a rich variety of illocutionary acts reflecting communicative purposes such as surprise, astonishment, anguish, sorrow, pity, anger, hatred, objection, discontent, irony, mockery, joy, urging, valor, and praise. At the same time, it is scientifically demonstrated with evidence that emotional interjections in various languages function independently as sentence-words, and their specific illocutionary meaning directly depends on the speech situation and context. Furthermore, the findings contribute to identifying the pragmatic potential of sentence-words across different languages, comparing their communicative functions, enriching speech act theory, and establishing foundations for further comparative linguistic research.