The issue of cultural development in India during the Baburid period

Abstract

This article presents a comparative analysis of mourning-related vocabulary in English and Uzbek, focusing on lexical meaning, semantic structure, cultural connotations, euphemisms, and translation equivalence. As English and Uzbek belong to different linguistic families and cultural systems, their mourning-related vocabulary reveals both universal and culture-specific features. The research employs descriptive, comparative, semantic, contextual, and linguocultural methods. Lexical units are drawn from explanatory and bilingual dictionaries, linguistic and ethnographic sources, as well as authentic literary texts. The analysis covers denotative and connotative meanings, euphemisms, phraseological expressions, and culturally specific vocabulary. The findings indicate that Uzbek mourning vocabulary is closely linked to collective traditions, family rituals, Islamic practices, and social obligations. Words such as aza, ta’ziya, janoza, marhum, and sabr tilamoq carry deep cultural and emotional significance. In contrast, English terms like funeral, mourning, condolence, grief, and memorial service reflect more individualized and institutionalized expressions of mourning. Due to cultural differences, translation often requires descriptive strategies. The results contribute to comparative lexicology, linguoculturology, ethnolinguistics, translation studies, and foreign language teaching.