TELL, CALL, MALL, and AI: comparative analysis of technological approaches in language teaching

Abstract

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of four major technological approaches used in language teaching, namely Technology-Enhanced Language Learning (TELL), Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly influenced the education system, particularly the methodology of foreign language teaching. Therefore, the effective use of technological tools in language education, the analysis of their pedagogical potential, and the identification of their differences have become important scientific issues. The article examines the definition, theoretical foundations, advantages, and limitations of each approach, as well as their practical application in the educational process. In addition, the interrelationships among TELL, CALL, MALL, and AI approaches, their stages of development, and their role in modern language education are discussed. The findings indicate that technological approaches contribute to making language learning more flexible, interactive, and learner-centered. At the same time, the article also analyzes the pedagogical and technological factors necessary for the effective implementation of these approaches in the educational process.