Digitalization in secondary schools of Uzbekistan: Advantages and disadvantages in the context of AI-enhanced speaking skills development

Abstract

Uzbekistan has made significant progress in the digitalization of its education system, particularly through large-scale investments in digital infrastructure and AI-related initiatives. Currently, nearly all secondary schools are equipped with broadband internet, and various digital platforms have been introduced to support teaching and learning processes. However, despite these achievements, a critical gap remains in the application of artificial intelligence technologies for developing English speaking skills. This study analyzes the current state of digitalization in Uzbekistan’s secondary schools, identifying its key advantages, including improved access to resources and technological readiness, as well as its limitations, such as insufficient teacher training, lack of specialized AI tools for language learning, and persistent digital inequality between urban and rural areas. Based on theoretical frameworks of communicative language teaching and international research on AI-enhanced learning, the paper proposes practical recommendations for integrating AI technologies into English language instruction. The findings suggest that while Uzbekistan possesses strong infrastructural potential, targeted pedagogical and policy interventions are necessary to effectively support speaking skills development among secondary school students.