A linguistic comparison of prepositions across English, Russian, and Uzbek

Abstract

Prepositions play an important role in expressing relationships between words in a sentence. They show spatial, temporal, and logical relations. They help to show how different parts of a sentence are connected. In many languages, prepositions contribute to the formation of clear syntactic structures, and they help to make the meaning of a sentence more precise. By showing relations such as place, time, direction, cause, and manner, prepositions help speakers and writers organize information and express ideas more accurately. This article presents a comparative analysis of prepositions in English, Uzbek, and Russian. The study examines their grammatical functions, classification, and typological characteristics in the three languages. The main aim of the research is to identify both similarities and differences in the ways these languages express relational meanings. The analysis shows that although English, Uzbek, and Russian can express similar semantic relations such as location, direction, time, and cause, they use different structural methods to convey these meanings. Understanding these differences is important for language learners, translators, and linguists. A clear comparison of these grammatical systems helps learners avoid common mistakes and better understand how relations between words are formed in each language. It also contributes to cross-linguistic and typological studies by showing how different languages use various grammatical tools to express similar meanings.