This article, Bygone Days' classification levels were compared and contrasted. The translations of the work were analyzed for accuracy, acceptability and readability. Through this analysis, we can see how faithful each translation is to the original text, that is, how much the translators' lexical choice, sentence structure, word usage, punctuation, use of cultural words, and the general rhythm of the text. and we tried to evaluate the approach according to respect. Also, an attempt was made to see how successful the translators were in recreating the atmosphere of that period, which they consider to be the main characteristic of Bygone Days. In this study, in order to carefully study the difficulties faced by the translators and what mistakes and shortcomings were made as a result, the English and Russian translations of the work "By gone days" were referred to.

Vermeer described translation as "cross-cultural migration". It can also mean ideological migration. Ideological migration is a set of standard values, ideas and beliefs that govern a society. Therefore, a translator must have a deep knowledge of the beliefs and opinions associated with the languages ​​he is translating. For language-specific downloads, translators must provide a "single use" of their language as a working and comprehensible whole. Each sentence, each sentence, and each phrase contributes to the meaning of the whole work, a statement that appears in many different issues. Maintaining individuality in writing is more difficult than in connected speech because writers have no logical non-verbal cues to tell whether a document's message is clear or not. To do this, writers need to place their samples more precisely and carefully. Compliance is partially possible through professional uniforms.

A published translation can be equated with translation of a literary text (such as poetry, novels, and stories) or a non-literary text (such as a text in law, economics, medical, socio-cultural, and political fields). Helps to address the weaknesses of identifying the strengths and weaknesses of promoting a published text. In addition, translation quality is determined by three aspects: accuracy, acceptability and readability.

"Minuvshie dni" (translated into Russian by Muhammadnodir Safarov, 2009)

The Days Gone By (translated into English by I.M. Tokhtasinov, 2017)

Days Gone By (translated into English by K. Yermakova, 2019)

Bygone Days (translated into English by American researcher and translator Mark Edward Rees, 2019). The translation quality indicators of these categories can be seen in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

Clarity. BC Cicero, a famous Roman writer and orator who lived in the 1st century, translated the works of Greek orators into Latin without violating the norms of the language. Cicero preserved the structure and meaning of the original language, but he followed the features of the Latin language in the choice of words. Therefore, he translated the text word by word, and was able to reflect the meaning and effect of words in each sentence. Cicero said, "I think that the reader demands precision from me" and conveyed the works of Greek authors to Latin readers in a precise manner. He paid special attention to the specific features of the translated text - form, content and thought tendency.

Some examples are:

- When he is a date, am I not a date? ("The Past Days", A. Qadiri, p. 191)

"If she is a kundosh, don't I also hold the title of kundosh?" (Bygone days, Mark Reese, p. 569) .

Kundosh - several wives in the marriage of one husband (relative to each other). Here, "kizgan" in the ancient Turkic language means to be generous. From the verb kon - with the suffix "-i", the noun kuni is added to it, the verb kuni is added to it, and finally, the noun kundosh is formed by adding the suffix "-sh". Later, the narrow vowel in the second syllable was not pronounced. M. Riz did a good job in translating this word, that is, he used the word "day-to-day" himself and left a comment on the word at the end of the work. Because of this, the word kundosh is considered a reality and is considered as an equivalent lexicon. In this regard, the explanation written by M. Reese is as follows:

Kundosh: A Kundosh is part of a presumably wealthy man's bevy of brides. The literal translation is "day companion" - "Kun" means day, "dosh" means someone who shares a status or situation with you. Yuldosh, "yul" meaning road, meaning traveling companion. The trope of the kundosh not getting along with and hating the husband is a common theme throughout Jadid literature, and here we are offered a comic tableau for the reader. Qadiri also strikes upon an important aspect of modernist Islam: A Muslim man may not take more brides than he can "deal with Justly" (Koran, Sura 4 [An-Nisa]. Ayah 3). E.g., he couches his arguments for reform against common Islamic practices within Islam itself – not through erroneous, common beliefs or Soviet ideology.

Translation:

Kundosh: Part of a rich man's love of wives. The dictionary translation of "day companion" means "day", "dosh" means someone who shares a status or situation with you. Companion, "yol" means a road, a travel companion. Disagreement and hatred of a spouse with a spouse is a common theme in modern literature, and here we offer a comic table for the reader. Qadiri also points to the important aspects of Islam: If you are not afraid of not being able to do justice to the orphans, marry two, three or four of the women you like. If you fear that you will not be able to do justice, then (take) one or (make do) with what you have. This is the closest you can get. (Qur'an, Surah "Nisa", verse 3). For example, he does not base his arguments for reform on Islam itself, on false beliefs or Soviet ideology, but against common Islamic practices.

Despite the translation technique used in the above data, the translation result is clear because there is no change or distortion in meaning.

"I brought this little thing with Saodat to his brother for Eid. I said that you will definitely not let me go for this crime." ("The Past Days", A. Qadiri, p. 107)

"I brought you this trifle on the day of the feast. For Sadat and his brother too. Don't judge me for it." (The past days, K. Yermakova, p. 183)

A brother is the youngest of the sons of the same parents. In the translation of this word, little brother is used, which means a person of the male gender who is younger than the brother. If it is imposed on the brother himself, the young translation using ace makes it a little more difficult. And this does not affect the accuracy of the translation.

Average accuracy. Compliance with the requirement of accuracy comes without irresponsibility in translation. Language errors in translations are also a result of this irresponsibility. Of course, the principles of the theory of translation are not so strict, the theory is relative and conditional. It is necessary to look at them creatively, and if there is no knowledge, a creative approach will save the translator from various irresponsibility, from being called a crude translation.

In translation, it is very important to follow the criterion of accuracy in word selection and search. In mathematics, the criterion of accuracy is the main requirement. Precision in mathematics is at the level of poetry. In terms of quality and correct translation requirements, accuracy is also at the first level. Clear expression of thoughts with clear words is a sign of a careful and deep culture in interpersonal relations and problems, in science, literature. If a precise word, a suitable equivalent is not found in the translation, even a figurative expression will not come out. These are signs that you have a talent for translation.

For example:

Like two parrots, your wife combs her hair for my uncle...how much is it? ("The Past Days", A. Qadiri, p. 156)

Two beautiful wives comb their hair for you, bek. What else do you lack?' (The Days Gone By, Tokhtasinov, p. 283)

The example above is in the "not very clear" category because the intermediate language contains information that is not clearly expressed by the translator. In this example, Otabek's two wives - Kumush and Zainab - were very beautiful women, so they were compared to parrots. The word parrot is used here in a figurative sense and is a word used only for women. The word parrot is a metaphor for a very beautiful, beautiful woman. Tokhtasinov simply translated it as "beautiful wives", although the translation was correct here, the artistry was lost. In this case, it would be appropriate to find an equivalent metaphorical simile suitable for both languages. A question may arise why the word parrot was not translated exactly (parrot). The reason for this is that among English-speaking peoples, parrot is used to refer to a person who talks a lot and steals other people's thoughts. As you can see, the same word has different meanings in different languages ​​among different peoples. For this reason, this part of the translation requires a lot of care and attention.

Not clear. A translator is not an interlocutor or an opponent of a client, but a person who re-expresses a spoken or written text created in one language into a written text in another language.

It follows that the text is inaccessible to the translator. If the additional task is adaptation, selection, additions, etc., the translator does not have the right to change the content and content of the text during translation, reduction or expansion.

Example:

The two of them reached Salor, and gave the meat to the wife of Tola Kazakh to make soup. ("The Past Days", A. Qadiri, p. 155)

Ali and Otabek handed the meat to a young woman called Tula Kazakha, asking her to cook them some shurpa-soup. (Days Gone By, K. Yermakova, p. 262)

In the Uzbek literary language, the word "bride" means a newly married girl. The bride is the wife of a relative or close person who is younger than her, and it is considered a form of address to this wife.

The word "bride-in-law" is used to belittle, caress, and take into account the fact that she has just arrived in her new family and is much younger in terms of age. But here the bride means the wife of Tola Kazakh. Yermakova used the word kelinchak as a young women in her translation. However, the meaning of this word is much different from the word "bride" and means young women in a general sense, and it is very difficult for us to understand from the text who that woman is, Tula Kazakka. If you have noticed, in the current translation, Tola Kazakh means a young woman. Readers who have not read the work in full may also understand the word a young women as a maid.

Another example:

Oybodoq, Zainab and Hasharchi women sat down to make kulcha under the command of the Uzbek month. ("The past days", A. Qadiri, p. 170)

Following Uzbekayim's orders, Zainab finished her cleaning and began helping the women to make the sweet buns. (Days Gone By, K. Yermakova, p. 287)

Hasharchi is a person who voluntarily helps in the performance of a task. Due to the non-existence of the word Hashar in English and Russian languages ​​and the lack of a suitable equivalent, the word itself has been derived using transliteration in other translations. Also, it is impossible to create a new word from the English and Russian languages ​​from this word. But in this translation, the word hasharchi is omitted; and another surprising aspect of the matter is that Yermakova also abandoned the image of Oybodak. This caused a huge error in the translation and reduced the accuracy of the translation.

Good translation. The appropriate use of lexical layers of the language, lexical-stylistic tools and methods allows to positively solve the lexical problems of translation and, as a result, to increase the quality of the translation and reach the level of accuracy.

Hearing the voice of the herdsman, the young calf followed its mother, who fell in love with the field, and also ran away. ("The Past Days", A. Qadiri, p. 155)

A calf with a white star on his forehead was mooing loudly as he trotted behind his mother who was hurrying towards the calling cowherd. (Days Gone By, K. Yermakova)

The word herdsman is derived from the Tajik word podachi, which means "a herd of large cattle that graze together" in Uzbek, with the suffix -chi, and means "a person who grazes large cattle in a wide meadow." If we take into account that the calf in this sentence is the child of a cow, Yermakova's translation: "cowherd" - the word "cowherd", herdsman, herdsman, corresponds more closely to the same meaning of the word "podachi" in the work. Because through this translation, the reader can understand the process of the situation correctly.