Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda ma’no tilning muhim qismi hisoblanib, uning qat’iy tarkibiy qismi sifatida e’tirof etishadi.Ma’no semantikaning markaziy tushunchasi bo‘lib, uning asosiy kategoriyasi hisoblanadi (Sodiqov.A.Abduazizov.A., 1987; 6).Semiotik sistemadagi u yoki bu birlik belgining ma’nosini aniqlash, ya’ni sistemaning mutlaq va eng to‘liq ko‘rinishini talqin qilish – ushbu birlik uchun matn va mazmun bo‘laklari o‘rtasida aniq belgilangan, aloqadorlik o‘rnata oladigan doimiy muvofiqlikni aniqlab olishni, matndan uning mazmunga va mazmundan matnga o‘tish jarayonini obyektiv qonuniyatlarini ochib berish va ushbu qonunlarga ta’rif berishni ko‘rsatadi (Ломтев.Т.Т., 1964;3).

A.Abduazizovning maydon haqida quyidagi fikrlarini keltirish o‘rinlidir: “Semantik yoki tushuncha maydoni ma’nolari bilan bog‘langan so‘zlarni birlashtiradi. Bunday so‘zlar, odatda, bir leksik-semantik guruhni tashkil qiladi”(Abduazizov A.A., 2010). Mazkur olimlarning qarashlaridan kelib chiqib shuni aytish mumkinki, maydon tushunchasi umumiy xususiyatga ega bo‘lgan, mazmunan o‘zaro aloqador so‘zlar guruhidir.

Ba’zi tilshunoslar tilni tizim sifatida talqin qilish uning tuzilishini tahlil qilishdir hamda har bir tizim bir-birini o‘zaro belgilaydigan birliklardan iborat bo‘lganligi sababli, u boshqa tizimlardan ushbu birliklar o‘rtasidagi ichki munosabatlar bilan ajralib turadi, bu uning tuzilishini tashkil qiladi, – deb hisoblaydi” (СинельниковаИ.И., АндросоваС.А.,2014; 122). Frazeologik birliklarning frazeo-semantik maydon tarkibiga kirishida ularning o‘zaro bog‘liqliklari va farqli xususiyatlari mavjud bo‘ladi. Bu maydon ularning ma’nosini, izohlash usullarini, yoritilganlik darajasini, grammatik tuzilishini va tarkibini o‘z ichiga oladi.

Ma’noni aniqlashtiradigan faktorlar uni til fenomenasi sifatida o‘rganishni ko‘rsatadi, uning mantiqiy tarkibi va obyektiv voqelikdan olingan jarayonning ifodasini tasniflash muhim o‘rin tutadi.Semantikada so‘zning leksik ma’no maydoni aniqlashdauch xil belgi darajalaridan foydalaniladi: 1) definitsion belgi – obyektni doimiy xususiyatlar bilan ta’riflaydigan va o‘ziga o‘xshash obyektlardan ajrata oladigan xususiyatlari; 2) ensiklopedik yoki qomusiy belgi –ko‘p uchraydigan, axborot tashiydigan, zaruriy va ajratish uchun yetarli bo‘lgan ma’lumotlar hisoblanadi; 3) implekativ belgi – definitsion va qomusiy belgi oralig‘ida paydo bo‘lgan bo‘lib,  ularning qayta ishlanishi natijasida mantiqiy xulosa sifatida namoyon bo‘ladigan belgi (Воркачев.С.Г., 2003; 56).

Maqollarning ommaviyligi, shu bilan birga madaniy asoslanganligi ularning nutqda qo‘llanilishi bilan bog‘liq. Maqollar o‘z semantikasida real vaziyatlarni, ijtimoiy voqelikni aks ettiradi, ularning har birini tushunish uchun muhim omillar sifatida so‘zlovchi va tinglovchi, muhokama qilinayotgan voqea-hodisa mazmuni, va boshqalarga e’tibor qaratish muhim. Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda maqollarni nutqda faollashishi, ularning lingvomadaniy maqomini belgilashga e’tibor bera boshladilar. Ularning ko‘pchiligida maqollarning lingvomadaniy jihatdan o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarini o‘rganish muhimligi ta’kidlanadi. P.Grisning fikricha, maqollardan nafaqat to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ma’noda tasvirlangan narsa haqida gapirish, balki qandaydir milliy-madaniy tushunchani qo‘shimcha tarzda yetkazish imkoniga egadir (ГрайсП., 1975).

“Heart” so‘zining frazeologik birliklar va boshqa vositalar bilan kelganda quyidagi ma’nolarni bildiradi:

at heart –yurak-yurakdan,yurak qo‘ridan,tabiatan

In his heart of hearts he sympathized with the strikers .

With his white head and loneliness he had remained young and green heart.

He’s not mean at heart.

After one’s heart-istagan,xohlagan

Tanner…However cheer up;we are going to to have a day after your heart.

be sick at heart-1.sog‘inmoq,sog‘inchni his qilmoq

He is sick at heart

2.ko‘ngli behuzur bo‘lmoq,ko‘ngli aynimoq

It’s very dangerous event.And I am sick at heart.

A big heart-oliyjanob,marhamatli

He has a big heart man.

   Break somebody’s heart-qattiq xafa qilmoq,ranjitmoq,dilini vayron qilmoq

…and it would break her heart if she knew that Mary suffered

  Bring somebody’s heart into mouth-o‘lguday qo‘rqitmoq,qattiq qo‘rqitmoq,

A sound that brought my heart into mouth was whistle.

    Carry one’s heart on sleeve-hislarini yashirmoq,hislarini berkitmoq

Summerhay did not carry his heart on his sleeve and ..when he left his chambers to walk that last meeting ,his face was  much as usual..

Cheer the cockles of one’s heart-hursand qmoq,yurakdan hursand bo‘lmoq

To see you all happy cheers the cockles of  my heart.

     Cry one’s heart out-qattiq fig‘on chekmoq,alamdan yig‘lamoq,hasrat qilmoq

Amelia …got up and went stairs to her room and cried her little heart out.

Cut somebody at the heart-1.qalbni jarohatlamoq

Oh, how could you be so unkindto poor little me,you have cut me the heart.

2.Gapirish qiyin bo‘lmoq.

And I say again ,you are acting the part of a selfish,light-minded scoundrel though it cuts me the heart to say so and I’d rather lost my right hand.

  Dear heart-1.voy xudoyim,..( syn.heart alive)

Dear heart,its half past two;I must be off.

2.azizim,sevgilim

Dear heart, I am a captain of labour.

Find in one’s heart-o‘zini majbur qilmoq ,ishontirmoq

But as I went on my way to the city, I felt so lost and lonesome, that I have found it in my heart to sit down on the dyke and cry and weep like a baby.

At least you seem so well prepared to hear a tale of silliness that I cannot find it my heart to disappoint  you.

  Eat one’s heart out-ich-etini yemoq,bezovtalanmoq

Since he left, she has been sitting at home eating her heart out.

Gain somebody’s heart-muhabbatini qozoqnmoq,yuragini egallamoq

Sir Peter: “This evident his vices and follies have gained your heart”

Give one’s heart-ruhlantirmoq,qo‘llab-quvvatlamoq

Before she went to the operation Tom gave his heart.

Go heart and soul into smth-butun vujudi bilan kirishmoq yoki berilmoq.

…I now go heart and soul,neck and heels with Fred in all his scheme about little Nelly and right glad he’ll be find me so strong upon it.

   Have no heart-orzusiz,istaksiz bo‘lmoq

He had the carriage closed now;he had no heart to look on gaiety.

Heart and soul-butun vujud bilan,butun kuch bilan,g‘ayrat bilan

Amelia’s maid … was heart and soul in favour of the generous major.

   Have one’s heart in one’s mouth-qo‘rqmoq,juda qattiq qo‘rqmoq

“I mean it” Sally stuck her guns though had her heart in her mouth,”I will not have this sort of business transcrated in my house”

Have one’s heart in one’s work – ishga ko‘milib ishlamoq, ishga hayotini bag‘ishlamoq.

When he was young, Ann has her heart in her work and now she suffers from it.

Have one’s heart in the right place – yaxshi bo‘lmoq, mehribon bo‘lmoq

My daughters are plain, disinterested girls, but their hearts are in the right place.

Have something at heart – biror narsani yurakka yaqin olmoq

I really have been able, my dear Copperfield to do all that I had most at heart.

Liberalists have the best interests of the people at heart.

      A heart of flint-toshyurak, toshbag‘ir

He could not refuse her;he hasn’t got a heart of flint.

The heart of Mid-Lathian-Edinburg zindoni(1817-yilda buzilgan, Edinburgda qurilgan qamoqxona)

He looks as if he were just about to honour with residence the Heart of Mid-Lathian.

      Keep a good heart-kayfiyatlarini yoki ruhini saqlamoq,tushirmaslik

The sheriff soon arrived and took the twins away to goal.William told them to keep heart and promised to do his best in their defence when the case should  come to trial.

      Lay something to heart-1.jiddiy munosabatda bo‘lmoq(masalan,maslahatga,ta’naga ),yurakka yaqin olmoq

Poor little Sylvia!She took things awfully to heart.

2.kimnidir yoki nimanidir eslab qolmoq

Henry tried to lay her name and address to heart.

Love your heart-baraka topgurlar;xudo urganlar;

Quiet!Lord love your heart ,never heard a nosier little urchin.

Lose heart-biror istakdan kechmoq yoki sadoqat suis’temoli uchun istak va boshq. voz kechmoq

She knew what Jane planned.So she lost her heart about the agreement.

Move somebody’s heart-kuchli hayajonlantirmoq,yig‘latib yubormoqSpeaking about her dangerous fate,Rose moved Nancy’s heart.

O‘zining dahshatli taqdirini so‘zlab,Rozan Nensini yig‘latib yubordi.

         Not to have the heart-biror ishni bajarishga kuch yetmaslik yoki qo‘rqish,yurak yo‘qligi

Nodira had not the heart to say her parents that she had sweetheart.

One’s heart is broken-ko‘ngil oynasi sinmoq, g;am yengmoq

You are very kind;I shall need a friend now.I am alone now quite alone and my heart is broken.

Yurak konseptining semantik xususiyatlariga ko‘ra jadvali:

Til hissiyotlarimiz va tuyg‘ularimizni ifodalar ekan,  yurak til sathida asrlar davomida madaniy va ma’naviy evrilishlar tufayli ikki tilning o‘ziga xos  linguo-kulturologik xususiyatlarini o‘zida jamlagan, yurak ularning makonidir.

Predmet- hodisalarningongliidroketilishivaularningtasavvurdaobrazhosilbo‘lishibilanjamlanadiganbilimturlichashakllanadivaturlixilxaraktergaegabo‘ladi.Bubevositaturliguruhdagivatuzilishdagishakllanishigasababbo‘ladi. Konseptlarningguruhlanishidaularninglisoniyifodalanishuslublarigatayaniladi.Tadqiqotchilarleksikvafrazeologikkonseptlarguruhiniundantashqarigrammatikkonseptlarguruhinitashkilqilishinie’tirofetishadi (Safarov.Sh.S.,  2006).

Konseptmentaltushunchabo‘lib,uturlitarkibdagivako‘rinishdagikvantiyokiumumlashmasidir.Konseptinsonongidashakllanadiganturlikategoriyalarningasosinitashkilqiladi, ularuchuntayanchnuqtabo‘libxizmatqiladi.

Odatda, konseptningumumiyxususiyatlarisifatidauningichkituzilishijihatidan, uaniqtuzilishgaegaemasligiqaydqilinadi, biroqbuhaqiqatgayaqinemas.Zero, konseptningasosinitashkilqiluvchipredmetyetarlichaaniqvaikkilamchio‘rinniegallaganbo‘laklarimavhumlikkaegabo‘lishibilanbirgalikda,ularyagonanegizatrofidao‘zaromunasabatgakirishibbirikadilar. Shusabablikonsepttarkibiningtizimiyxaraktergaegaekanliginie’tirofetishma’quldir.Uningtizimiyxususiyatlarituzilishjihatdanmurakkabtartiblibo‘lishidavabirbutunmentaltuzilmasifatidaidrokqilinishidanamoyonbo‘lishinikkuzatishmumkin.

            Yurakkonseptininglinguo-kulturologikbelgilarinio‘rganib, uningsemantiksarhadlariniko‘ribchiqibshuniaytishmumkinki, yurakavvalojasoratvaoliyjanoblikkabitushunchalarniifodalashholatikuzatiladi: ingliztilidaabigheart/pluckupheart/takeheart/ haveonceheartintherightplacevao‘zbektilidayuragidao‘tibo‘lmoq/ yuragibo‘lmoq/ arslonningyuragikabibirikmalarishlatiadi:

            Bobiringdayurakbo‘lsa,o‘ziniulug‘ xongako‘rsatsin.

            Janob Zunnunbekda arslonning yuragi borligiga shak-shubha yo‘q edi.

            I had begun in a manner to pluck up my heart.

            Yurak jasratga qarama-qarshi ravishda qo‘rqinch, vahima kabi tushunchalar bilan kognitiv aloqa o‘rnatadi.Ayniqsa o‘zbek tilida bunday holatni ifodalash yurak so‘zi bilan ko‘p holatlarda uchraydi. Buning isboti uchun shuni aytish mumkinki, berilgan 38 frazeologik birliklar va birikmalardan 13 tasi aynan shu tushunchalar bilan bog‘liq: o‘zbek tilida yuragi yorilmoq/ yuragi zir etmoq/ yuragi yo‘q/ yuragi orqasiga tortmoq/ yuragi shig‘ etmoq/ yuragi taka-tuka bo‘lmoq/ yuragini yormoq va hokazolar; ingliz tilida bring smb’s heart into mouth/ have once heart into mouth/ to jump heart against:

            Yuragimiz chiqib ketayapti.

            Uni ko‘rib yuragi qinidan chiqquday hapqirib ketdi.

            Munisxon bunday so‘roqni kutmagan edi, yuragi shuv etib ketdi-da, akasiga o‘grildi.

            I glanced over my shoulder and my heart jumped againstmy ribs.

            O‘zbek tilida qo‘rqinch ma’nosini anglatadigan birikmalar o‘ziga xos ravishda taqlidso‘zlar ishlatilishi kuzatiladi: yuragi jiz etmoq/ yuragi zir etmoq/ yuragi shuv etmoq/ yuragi taka-tuka etmoq.

            Ingliz tilida ushbu tushuncha doirasida o‘ziga  xos xususiyatlaridan biri yurak konsepti qo‘llab – quvvatlash, ruhlantirish ma’nosini anglatishidir: give once heart/ keep a good heart.O‘zbek tilida kimdir tomonidan qo‘llab – quvvatlash yoki ruhlantirish tushunchaari yurak konsepti doirasida kuzatilmaydi.Balki o‘zbek tilida yurak o‘z-o‘zini qo‘llab-quvvatlash xususiyati hisoblanadi.

            Yurak konsepti bezovtalanish, xavotirlanishni snglatadigan frazeologik birliklar doirasida ishlatiladi.  Ingiliz tilida ushbu tushunchani anglatishda quyidagi birikma ishlatiladi: eat one’s heart out; o‘zbek tilida esa bezovtalanish va xavotirlanish bevosita yurak konsepti doirasida ifodalanadi: yuragini tirrnamoq/  yuragi siqilmoq/ yuragi qon bo‘lmoq/ yuragini hovuchlamoq/ yuragini g‘am bosmoq:

            Yuragi siqilgan Anvar goh o‘tirib, goh yonboshlar edi.

            . . . behad mashaqqatlarni ko‘z oldiga keltirdi-yu,yuragini g‘am bosdi.

            Yurak konsepti bundan tashqari ishonch, hasrat, yaqinlik, istak, siqilish, hayajon, keskin o‘zgarish, ma’yuslik, dovyuraklik kabi tushunchalar doirasida ham kognitiv aloqalarni namoyon qiladi. Yurak konseptining o‘zida qarama-qarshilik xususiyatini namoyon qilishi o‘zbek va ingliz tili uchun analogik hisoblanadi. O‘zbek tilida yurak konsepti ma’yuslik, ruhiy azob, qo‘rqinch, bezovtalik, hasrat, intizorlik, siqilish, tashnalik kabi salbiy tushuncha va hissiyotlar bilan ifodalansa, inliz tilida alam, qo‘rqinch, hursandchilik, ishonch, mehribonlik, yaqinlik, hayajon, jasorat, kayfiyat va g‘ayrat kabi salbiy va ijobiy belgilar va tushunchalar bilan kognitiv aloqadorligi kuzatiladi.

“Heart” va “yurak” konseptlariikki til maydonida ham o‘z o‘rniga ega bo‘lib,  u tuygu’larimiz va ta’sirlanishlarimizning markazi hisoblanadi va birgalikda quyidagi doimiy lingua-kulturologik xususiyatlarni namoyon qiladi:

• Jasorat
• Markaziylik
• Qo‘rqinch
• Yaqinlik
• Bezovtalik
• Ruhiy azob
• Mehr

 Shunday qilib, o‘zbek tilida muhabbat- qalbni sevgan insonga bag‘ishlash, uni qadrlash , o‘z manfaatidan voz kechish , kar va ko‘r bo‘lib, ishq dardida kuymoq hisoblanadi.Ingliz tilida muhabbat - tanlangan obyektga mehribonlik ko‘satish, ahamiyat berish, qadrlash va ezgulik tilash, nosog‘lom bo‘lib qolib, boshqalardan kuchliroq ekanini his qila olishidir.